Oscar Niemeyer's biography

Oscar de Almeida Ribeiro, Niemeyer Soares (Rio de Janeiro, December 15, 1907) is a Brazilian architect, and is considered one of the most influential names in international modern architecture. He was a pioneer in exploring the possibilities of the constructive and concrete plastic armed. Fished his secondary education with 21 years old, same age they home with Annita Baldo, who had only one daughter.

After the marriage, he decided work and resume their studies. It starts, then working at the workshop typographical father, entering at the National School of Fine Arts,of where lefted formed engineer architect in 1934.In the time spent by financial difficulties, but nevertheless decided to work without pay in the office of Lucio Costa and Carlos Leon He was dissatisfied with the architecture he saw in the streets and believed to find answers to their questions with them.

In 1945, already an architect with a name, affiliated to the PCB. It has always been a strong advocate of his position as Stalinist. During several years of military dictatorship in Brazil self-exilou up in France. A minister of Aeronautics of the time say that "instead of communist architect is in Moscow." He visited the Soviet Union. Fidel Castro would have said about him: "Niemeyer and I are the last communist this planet."

Sentence of Niemeyer:
“Not is the angle straight that attracts me, neither the line straight, inflexible, created by man. What attracts me is the free and sensual curve, the curve that I find in the mountains of my country. In the course sinuous of seus rivers, in the ocean waves, in the body of the woman preferred. From curves is done entire universe, the universe curved Einstein.”

Work of Niemeyer in São Paulo

Museum Oscar Niemeyer in Curitiba

Brazilia's Cathedral

Santos Dumont's biography

Aviation's father

Alberto Santos Dumont was born in July, 1873 in Minas Gerais' countryside. Son of Francisca dos Santos and Henrique Dumont, a rich contractor and coffee's farmer; he passed his infancy enclosed with Júlio Verne's work.

He went to French with 25 years old study physics, especially mechanics electricity.

In 1898, his first baloon (baloon Brazil) flew above the Paris' heaven.

In 1901, Santos Dumont got arounded the Eiffel Tower and returned for the starting point in less then 30 minutes.

In 1906, he took off with a equipment plus weight air, without a help of baloon. The 14-BIS, his first plane, got mischievous for the Bagatelle's field. It raised above 2 meters high, along 60 meters.

During 10 years, Santos Dumont built 20 baloons and airplanes. His last flight was with the Demoiselle, his plane of number 20, similar to the ultralight's today.

In 1931, he returned to Brazil for life in Petrópolis (Rio de Janeiro) at a home where actualy is the Museum Santos Dumont. In the next year, the tragic death. In July, 1932, with 59 years old, he suicided at a hotel's room in Guarujá, coast of São Paulo.

He endured of 2 serious disease and was imersed in despair with the warlike use of the plane.
But his name is thrust in history.

Moreover, he also invented the wristwath - a form of better control the flight's time.

14-BIS ( the first flight of a plane)

Baloon Brazil

Eiffel Tower outline

Some people believe Wright brothers invented the plane.
The first flight of Santos Dumont happened in October, 1906. And the first flight realized by wright brothers happened in December, 1903.

At a pioneer flight of Santos Dumont, thousands people were in Bagatelles' field. The flight had photographed and the big victory had published over the more importants newspaper of the world.
At a flight of Wright brothers, over their self biography, were presents only five witness.Nothing had filmed and published in north-american press. Alone after some years, they had exibit photograps of take-off.

In 1906 had exist a reward for a flight of 25 meters of distance, it's confirmed until then anyone person got executed the mission.
In truth, the 'plane' of Wright brothers was a 'glider', it didn't motor.

Santos Dumont is, alone the historical justice, the aviation's father!

Carlos Chagas' biography

Carlos Justiniano Ribeiro Chagas was born on July 9, 1879, in Oliveira's city, west of Minas Gerais. Father orphan to the four years, soon in the adolescence it took the responsibility of the family. And in 1897, he enrolled in the University of Medicine of Rio de Janeiro.

Along the course, two teachers mark in a decisive way his formation. Miguel Couto presents to Chagas the notions and the practice of the modern clinic and Francisco Fajardo introduces Chagas in the experimental study of the tropical diseases. Like this, two roads open up for Chagas in elapsing of his medical course: the clinic and the scientific research.

Due to the work accomplished by Chagas in his doctorate theory, Oswaldo Cruz requests him, in March of 1905, for the mission of controlling the malaria epidemic in the city of Itatinga, in São Paulo. There, Chagas accomplish the first successful campaign against the malaria in Brazil.

Coming back from São Paulo, Chagas entered, in 1906, in the pictures of the Institute Oswaldo Cruz (IOC). In the following year, he was sent by Oswaldo Cruz to combat a malaria epidemic in Xerém, in the Baixada Fluminense.

With the success reached in these two campaigns, still in 1907 Chagas it's assigned by Oswaldo Cruz of organizing, with Belisário Penna, doctor of the General Management of Public Health, the combat the malaria among the workers of the Central Railroad of the Brazil, in the north of Minas Gerais.

In the spare times, he examines the blood of animals and insects in search of parasites. Like this, Chagas identify in the blood of a monkey a new protozoan species, of the gender of the tripanossomos, to which gives the name of Trypanosoma minasense.

In the same time, the engineer Cantarino Mota, responsible for the works of the railroad, he gets the attention of Chagas for the presence of an insect that proliferates in the openings of the walls of the houses, and he feeds at night of their residents' blood. For attacking the face preferentially, it was known by the local population as "barber". Chagas take some of those insects to his laboratory and, examining them the intestine, it identifies the presence of protozoa with certain characteristics of the Trypanosoma minasense.

Chagas send barbers' copies infected with the parasite to Oswaldo Cruz, asking that it feeds the insects in monkeys created at laboratories. Almost one month later, Oswaldo Cruz communicates him the tripanossomos presence in the blood of the animals, that they got sick. Chagas return immediately to Rio de Janeiro, where verifies if doesn't treat of the Trypanosoma minasense, but of another tripanossomo until then unknown. With the other researchers' of the Institute support, he unmasks the evolutionary cycle of the new protozoan almost entirely, to which gives the name of Trypanosoma cruzi, in honor of Oswaldo Cruz.

After having found a cat infected with the new tripanossomo, on February 14, 1909 Chagas examine a child's blood with fever and it identifies the presence of the parasite.

The girl Berenice is the first case of the disease to which would be named of disease of Chagas, provoked by the Trypanosoma cruzi that the barber transmits to the man's organism.

The work of Chagas is only in the history of the medicine: the discovery, the study and the description of a disease accomplished by a single researcher.

When Osvaldo Cruz died, in 1917, Chagas assumed the direction of the Institute de Manguinhos.

The feat of Chagas was worth him the enviable indication to the prize Nobel, in 1921, however he didn't win the prize.

On November 9, 1934, Chagas were found dead in the bed. He lived only 56 years, enough to discover a disease that still today, according to the World Organization of the Health, it affects 18 million people in Latin America, six million of them only in Brazil.

Barber